Cloudflare and Coinbase launch the x402 Foundation to promote machine-to-machine payments using the updated HTTP 402 protocol.
Cloudflare and Coinbase have launched the x402 Foundation to promote the x402 protocol. This new system enables machine-to-machine (M2M) payments on the web.
The protocol updates the unused HTTP 402 “Payment Required” status code. It provides a standardized way for websites and digital agents to negotiate payments automatically.
Introducing the x402 Protocol for Machine-to-Machine Payments
The x402 protocol allows automated systems and websites to handle payments without accounts or subscriptions.
When a client requests a resource, they receive a 402 response with payment instructions. After submitting a payment authorization, the client gains access to the resource. This simplifies the payment process and eliminates the need for complex systems.
Cloudflare is integrating the x402 protocol into its services. It is releasing tools for developers to include the protocol in its Agents SDK and Model Context Protocol (MCP) integrations. These updates will help digital agents, like AI assistants, make payments easily across different platforms.
Potential Use Cases and Future Developments
The x402 protocol has many possible applications. For example, AI assistants can make one-time purchases across multiple merchants.
Agents can also pay per session instead of using fixed subscriptions. Additionally, autonomous traders could use x402 for micropayments when buying real-time data.
Coinbase and Cloudflare launch x402 Foundation to embed payments in web interactions via HTTP 402. Focus: machine-to-machine and AI-driven commerce, with pilots for pay-per-use AI, data streams, creator micropayments and on-demand storage. My take: practical move for metered…
— Nifty (@nifty0x) September 23, 2025
Future updates to the protocol will support various payment methods, such as credit cards, bank accounts, and stablecoins. Cloudflare is also developing a deferred payment scheme. This will allow delayed settlements and aggregated charges, which is ideal for batch processing or subscriptions.
Collaborative Efforts Between Cloudflare and Coinbase
Coinbase developed the transaction flow for x402, while Cloudflare is handling its integration. Cloudflare’s expertise in web optimization and Coinbase’s stablecoin infrastructure form a strong partnership. Together, they aim to unlock the potential of autonomous AI agents.
The x402 protocol enables agent-to-agent, agent-to-business, and agent-to-user payments. With Coinbase’s stablecoin system, payments are settled instantly, improving efficiency.
This collaboration aims to transform how digital systems interact. The x402 protocol could make machine-to-machine payments a regular part of internet transactions. As the technology evolves, it may reshape how payments are made online.
